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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lenkwinkel</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>Unter <b>Lenkwinkel</b> wird der mittlere Radlenkwinkel einer gelenkten Achse im kräftefreien Zustand verstanden. Der Lenkwinkel kann somit nur auf dem Lenkungs<a href="Pr%C3%BCfstand" title="Prüfstand">prüfstand</a> auf reibungsarmen Rollplatten gemessen oder rein <a href="Kinematik" title="Kinematik">kinematisch</a> mit Hilfe von Rechenprogrammen ermittelt werden. Die während der Fahrt tatsächlich auftretenden Radlenkwinkel dürfen nicht mit dem Lenkwinkel verwechselt werden, da hier kinematische und elastische Anteile enthalten sind.
</p><p>Der Lenkwinkel ist eine Funktion des Lenkradwinkels <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta _{H}}">
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<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
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<mi>H</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta _{H}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f79d1e5e524089fb165a31abf1e752703edb2d09.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.724ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta _{H}}" loading="lazy"></span>. Bei konstanter <a href="Lenkung#Einzelradaufhängung" title="Lenkung">Gesamtlenkübersetzung</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i_{S}}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
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<mi>i</mi>
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<mi>S</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i_{S}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4ddf1810ca1aec246940ccff778e9795d220bc9b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.095ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i_{S}}" loading="lazy"></span> ist der Lenkwinkel <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta }">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c5321cfa797202b3e1f8620663ff43c4660ea03a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta }" loading="lazy"></span> der Quotient aus Lenkradwinkel und Gesamtlenkübersetzung:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta ={\frac {\delta _{H}}{i_{S}}}}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
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<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
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<mi>H</mi>
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<mi>i</mi>
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<mi>S</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta ={\frac {\delta _{H}}{i_{S}}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5fbcf1a8822592d10e3573eacb3bec48a9b85db8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:7.707ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta ={\frac {\delta _{H}}{i_{S}}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Der Lenkwinkel wird in der <a href="Fahrdynamik" title="Fahrdynamik">Fahrdynamik</a> bei der Bestimmung des <a href="Eigenlenkgradient" title="Eigenlenkgradient">Eigenlenkgradienten</a> verwendet.<sup id="cite_ref-Haken_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haken-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bei Fahrzeugen mit <a href="Allradlenkung" title="Allradlenkung">Allradlenkung</a> ist der Lenkwinkel die Differenz der Lenkwinkel von Vorderachse und Hinterachse:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta =\delta _{v}-\delta _{h}}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
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<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
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<mi>v</mi>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
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<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
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<mi>h</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta =\delta _{v}-\delta _{h}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/804be451e05e9360ba539961c0437ef456af3f1c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.261ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta =\delta _{v}-\delta _{h}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Derjenige Lenkwinkel, der zum langsamen Befahren einer Kurve erforderlich ist, wird als <i>Ackermannwinkel</i> bezeichnet. Er ist näherungsweise das Verhältnis von Radstand <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle l}">
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<mi>l</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle l}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/829091f745070b9eb97a80244129025440a1cfac.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.693ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle l}" loading="lazy"></span> und Kurvenradius <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4b0bfb3769bf24d80e15374dc37b0441e2616e33.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R}" loading="lazy"></span>.
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<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta _{A}\approx {\frac {l}{R}}}">
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<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta _{A}\approx {\frac {l}{R}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5f94efbd7e96a6009bac239d7e2ee892b0681991.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:8.196ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta _{A}\approx {\frac {l}{R}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Einspurmodell" title="Einspurmodell">Einspurmodell</a></li>
<li><a href="Lenkradwinkelsensor" title="Lenkradwinkelsensor">Lenkradwinkelsensor</a></li>
<li><a href="Odometrie" title="Odometrie">Odometrie</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Zomotor, Adam: Fahrwerktechnik: Fahrverhalten; Vogel Buchverlag Würzburg 1987; ISBN 3-8023-0774-7</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Haken-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Haken_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Karl-Ludwig Haken: <cite style="font-style:italic">Grundlagen der Kraftfahrzeugtechnik</cite>. 4. Auflage. Hanser, 2015, ISBN 978-3-446-44216-0, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>251</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Lenkwinkel&amp;rft.au=Karl-Ludwig+Haken&amp;rft.btitle=Grundlagen+der+Kraftfahrzeugtechnik&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.edition=4&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9783446442160&amp;rft.pages=251&amp;rft.pub=Hanser" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=VLQoBgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA251#v=onepage">eingeschränkte Vorschau</a> in der Google-Buchsuche)</span>
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